Biography:

Mr. Yinka is a legal practioner based in Nigeria. He has an L.L.B degree from the University of Ibadan.

Abstract:

The science of probiotics is increasingly being embraced across the globe, and commercially available types are used as pharmaceutical drug substitutes. However, in the sub-Saharan African context there seems to be little regulatory mechanisms to properly appraise the safety, posology and efficacy of commercial probiotics vis-a-vis the associatedhealth claims. Against this background, this  research paper examines the Nigerian scenario. Specifically, the paper evaluates the activities of NAFDAC (National Agency for Food and Drug Administrationand Control) in relation to the importation and bio-assesment of probiotics entering the Nigerian pharmaceutical market. In this regards, available data suggests a poor level of monitoring and awareness. Therefore, the paper discusses the medico-legal and health implications of this develoment, and the need for a mitigating policy.

Biography:

Abstract:

 A plant pathogenic Fusarium solani Egyptian isolate was grown on cobalt concentrations of 0, 50, 200, 500, 800, and 1000 ppm. The isolate survived concentrations up to 800 ppm, however failed to grow at 1000 ppm. Morphology and elemental analysis of the isolate under the investigated Co concentrations were studied using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The isolate reserved its morphology up to a concentration of 200 ppm. Morphological distortions were observed at 500 and 800 ppm. EDX detected Co uptake through the hyphae, microconidia, macroconidia, and chlamydospores. Iron, calcium, and potassium were also detected. EDX results showed a gradual increase in the total average Fe % with the increase in cobalt concentration up to a concentration of 500 ppm reflecting the ability of the isolate to synthesize intracellular siderophores storing iron and their release out of the vacuoles. Such siderophores might have participated in conferring tolerance against cobalt. At 800 ppm, the % of Fe was greatly reduced with an accompanying increase in morphological distortions and absence of microconidia. Increasing cobalt concentrations resulted in increasing the percentages of the chelated cobalt reflecting the possible implication of the cell wall in the uptake of cobalt supported by the high calcium and potassium percentages detected. The possible participation of extracellular siderophores in cobalt chelation is also discussed. The current results recommend the absence of cobalt in any control regime taken to combat the investigated F. solani isolate as well as the accomplishment of biochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular studies on such isolate to approve the production of siderophores and the role of cell wall in cobalt uptake.

Biography:

Abstract:

Toxicity of fresh Ferula communis (Apiaceae) among cattle in North Jordan is a recently reported problem. Ferula toxicity "Ferulosis" is still ambiguous and not fully understood. Metabolomic approach was applied in the present study to address this problem. Metabonomics based on Attenuated Total Reflectance/Fourier Transformed-Infrared (ATR/FT-IR) results showed that chloroform extract of fresh F. communis has constituents significantly different than those detected in dried plants. Additionally, metabolomics based on HPLC analysis revealed a chromatographic peak with higher concentration in fresh samples. Based on the mass fragments (620, 549, 371 and 274) m/z and neutral losses of acetyl groups (549-505) m/z and (505-461) m/z this compound was identified as acetylated ferulenol-oxy-ferulenol (AFOF).